eDonkey2000 (nicknamed "ed2k") was a peer-to-peer A peer-to-peer, commonly abbreviated to P2P, is any distributed network architecture composed of participants that make a portion of their resources directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination instances (such as servers or stable hosts). Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in file sharing File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information, such as computer programs, multi-media , documents, or electronic books. It may be implemented through a variety of storage, transmission, and distribution models and common methods of file sharing incorporate manual sharing using removable media, application developed by US company MetaMachine, using the Multisource File Transfer Protocol. The eDonkey client supports both the eDonkey2000 network The eDonkey network is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of said files. In practice, it is generally used to share video files, full music albums and computer programs. Like most file sharing networks, it is decentralized, as and the Overnet Overnet was a decentralized peer-to-peer computer network, usually used for sharing large files . Overnet implements the Kademlia algorithm. In late 2006, Overnet and all Overnet-owned resources were taken down as a result of legal actions from the RIAA and others. However, since the core of Overnet is decentralized, Overnet clients are still able network.
On September 28, 2005, eDonkey was officially discontinued following a cease and desist A cease and desist is an order or request to halt an activity (cease) and not to take it up again later (desist); or else face legal action. The recipient of the cease-and-desist may be an individual or an organization letter from the RIAA The Recording Industry Association of America is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA say "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legitimate sound recordings produced and sold in the United States" (further info on the case).
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eDonkey2000 network
Users on the eDonkey2000 network The eDonkey network is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of said files. In practice, it is generally used to share video files, full music albums and computer programs. Like most file sharing networks, it is decentralized, as predominantly share large files of tens or hundreds of megabytes The megabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information storage or transmission with two different values depending on context: 1048576 bytes generally for computer memory; and one million bytes (106, see prefix mega-) generally for computer storage. The IEEE Standards Board has decided that "Mega will mean 1 000 000", with, such as CD images, videos, games, and software programs. To ease file searching, some websites list the checksums A checksum or hash sum is a fixed-size datum computed from an arbitrary block of digital data for the purpose of detecting accidental errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. The integrity of the data can be checked at any later time by recomputing the checksum and comparing it with the stored one. If the checksums of sought-after files in the form of an ed2k link. Some of those websites also have lists of active servers for users to update.
MetaMachines has also created another file-sharing network called Overnet Overnet was a decentralized peer-to-peer computer network, usually used for sharing large files . Overnet implements the Kademlia algorithm. In late 2006, Overnet and all Overnet-owned resources were taken down as a result of legal actions from the RIAA and others. However, since the core of Overnet is decentralized, Overnet clients are still able, which interoperates with the eDonkey network The eDonkey network is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of said files. In practice, it is generally used to share video files, full music albums and computer programs. Like most file sharing networks, it is decentralized, as, but without the use of servers. Most eDonkey clients also now use the Overnet network. In 2004, MetaMachines announced it would stop development of Overnet to concentrate on eDonkey2000 (though the eDonkey2000 client now includes the Overnet protocol).
eDonkey has been closed down, and if the user attempts to visit the site he/she will be shown a screen stating that eDonkey is unavailable and that the user's IP address has been logged.
Early history and design
eDonkey logoeDonkey2000 was created by Jed McCaleb and was first released on September 6, 2000. On September 16, 2000, client and server versions were available for Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a series of software operating systems and graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Microsoft first introduced an operating environment named Windows in November 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal and Linux Linux refers to the family of Unix-like computer operating systems using the Linux kernel. Linux can be installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. Linux is predominantly known for its use in servers; in 2009 it held a server market share.
Compared to earlier P2P file-sharing program Napster Napster was an online music file sharing service created by Shawn Fanning while he was attending Northeastern University in Boston. The service operated between June 1999 and July 2001. Its technology allowed people to easily share their MP3 files with other participants, bypassing the established market for such songs and thus leading to massive, eDonkey2000 featured "swarming" downloads, meaning that clients could download different pieces of a single file from different peers, effectively utilizing the combined bandwidth of all of the peers instead of being limited to the bandwidth of a single peer.
At first, servers were isolated from one another as with Napster, but later versions of the eDonkey2000 server software enabled servers to form a search network. This allowed servers to forward search queries from their locally connected clients to other servers, allowing clients to effectively find peers connected to any server on the server network, thereby increasing download swarm size. It also allowed clients to find and download files not available from clients connected to the same server.
A third improvement compared to Napster was the use of file hashes A hash function is any well-defined procedure or mathematical function that converts a large, possibly variable-sized amount of data into a small datum, usually a single integer that may serve as an index to an array. The values returned by a hash function are called hash values, hash codes, hash sums, checksums or simply hashes instead of simple filenames in search results. File searches initiated by the user were keyword-based and matched against the filename list stored on the eDonkey2000 server, but the server returned a list of filenames paired with the hash values of those files to the client. When selecting a file from the list presented to the user, the client would actually initiate a download by hash value. This meant that a file could have many different filenames across different peers, but would be considered identical for purposes of downloading if its hash was the same.
The two-level (client and server) peer to peer network architecture offered a balance between centralized systems like Napster, and decentralized systems like Gnutella Gnutella was the first decentralized file sharing network. It celebrated a decade of existence on March 14, 2010 and has a user base in the millions. In late 2007, it was the most popular file sharing network on the Internet with an estimated market share of more than 40%. In June 2005, gnutella's population was 1.81 million computers increasing. Where Napster ultimately proved to be vulnerable was its centralized server cluster, which was a stable target for legal action. Gnutella's original design, featuring total elimination of the server network in favor of purely peer to peer searching, quickly proved to be infeasible due to massive search traffic overhead between peers.
Later 2nd-level P2P file sharing systems use a similar design to eDonkey2000 (downloading files in pieces by hash from multiple peers simultaneously) but innovate in the design of the server network, such as in the case of BitTorrent BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data. BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, and it has been estimated that it may account for as much as 43 % of all Internet traffic as of February 2009, which separates the file search feature ("torrent search") from the download peer locating feature ("torrent tracker").
eDonkey2000 client
The latest version of the official eDonkey2000 client included a plugin that allowed BitTorrent BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data. BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, and it has been estimated that it may account for as much as 43 % of all Internet traffic as of February 2009 files to be downloaded. Once a torrent download begins the search facility within eDonkey can find the same file within the eDonkey/Overnet network and synchronise its download. This effectively allowed a torrent to be used as another source for the download, vastly increasing speed as well as virtually eliminating problems with fakes. Torrents are very "clean" in terms of falsely labelled files and their use as file size verifiers in addition to eDonkey2000's own user-based fake warning system has vastly improved the network's functionality. By effectively combining the range of the existing Overnet and eDonkey networks with the lightning-fast file distribution of the BitTorrent system, eDonkey2000 is following a growing trend amongst peer-to-peer A peer-to-peer, commonly abbreviated to P2P, is any distributed network architecture composed of participants that make a portion of their resources directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination instances (such as servers or stable hosts). Peers are both suppliers and consumers of resources, in programmes of integrating downloads from multiple networks. This has the advantage of maximising the number of files available while limiting vulnerability to problems on a single network.
eDonkey sued by RIAA
In September 2005 2005 was a common year that started on a Saturday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2005th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 5th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 6th of the 2000s decade, officials from the company MetaMachine received a cease and desist letter A cease and desist is an order or request to halt an activity (cease) and not to take it up again later (desist); or else face legal action. The recipient of the cease-and-desist may be an individual or an organization from the RIAA The Recording Industry Association of America is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA say "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legitimate sound recordings produced and sold in the United States" as a result of the June Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States, and leads the federal judiciary. It consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President and confirmed with the "advice and consent" of the Senate. Once appointed, Justices effectively ruling that makers of software that facilitates copyright infringement Copyright infringement is the unauthorized or prohibited use of works covered by copyright law, in a way that violates one of the copyright owner's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works are liable for that infringement[1]. Many news sites reported that on September 22, 2005, MetaMachine's corporate offices have closed. This was apparently inaccurate, based on the aforementioned news sites checking for the old eDonkey headquarters in New York (the new ones being in New Jersey, as they had moved there).
However, on September 28, 2005, eDonkey officially closed its doors. MetaMachine President Sam Yagan said in a statement that the company would "convert eDonkey's user base to an online content retailer operating in a closed P2P environment," and "such a transaction to take place as soon as we can reach a settlement with the RIAA The Recording Industry Association of America is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA say "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legitimate sound recordings produced and sold in the United States"."[2]. This had little effect on the network as a whole, as eDonkey clients only made up a small minority of the whole network.
On September 12, 2006 it was reported that MetaMachine, Inc. has agreed to settle with the RIAA The Recording Industry Association of America is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA say "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legitimate sound recordings produced and sold in the United States" for $30 million[3], and the website has been replaced by a text advertisement reflecting the RIAA The Recording Industry Association of America is a trust that represents the recording industry distributors in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA say "create, manufacture and/or distribute approximately 85% of all legitimate sound recordings produced and sold in the United States"'s interpretation of copyright law.
Nevertheless, the eDonkey Network The eDonkey network is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of said files. In practice, it is generally used to share video files, full music albums and computer programs. Like most file sharing networks, it is decentralized, as is still available through other clients, such as eMule eMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows. Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule now connects to both the eDonkey network and the Kad network. The distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, fast recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a, aMule aMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application that works with the EDonkey network and the Kad Network, offering similar features to eMule and adding others such as GeoIP . It was forked from the xMule source code on August 18, 2003, which itself is a fork of the lMule project, which was the first attempt to bring the eMule client to Linux, Shareaza Shareaza is a peer-to-peer file sharing client running under Microsoft Windows which supports the gnutella, Gnutella2 , eDonkey, BitTorrent, FTP and HTTP network protocols and handles magnet links, ed2k links, and the now deprecated gnutella and Piolet links. It is available in 30 languages or MLDonkey MLDonkey is an open source, multi-protocol, peer-to-peer file sharing application that runs as a back-end server application on many platforms. It can be controlled through a user interface provided by one of many separate front-ends, including a Web interface, telnet interface and over a dozen native client programs.
See also
- Comparison of eDonkey software
- Comparison of file sharing applications File sharing is a method of distributing electronically stored information such as computer programs and digital media. Below is a list of file sharing applications
- eDonkey network The eDonkey network is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of said files. In practice, it is generally used to share video files, full music albums and computer programs. Like most file sharing networks, it is decentralized, as
- MP3 Rocket MP3 Rocket is a peer-to-peer file sharing program for the gnutella and BitTorrent protocols. Released under the GNU General Public License, MP3 Rocket is free software. It also encourages the user to pay a fee, which will then give the user access to MP3 Rocket PRO
References
- ^ "U.S. Supreme Court Rules Against P2P". Nate Mook and Ed Oswald. 2005-06-27. http://www.betanews.com/article/US-Supreme-Court-Rules-Against-P2P/1119884733. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
- ^ "P2P Future Darkens as eDonkey Closes". Nate Mook. 2005-09-28. http://www.betanews.com/article/P2P-Future-Darkens-as-eDonkey-Closes/1127953242. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
- ^ "eDonkey Firm to Pay RIAA $30 Million". Nate Mook. 2006-09-12. http://www.betanews.com/article/eDonkey-Firm-to-Pay-RIAA-30-Million/1158093147. Retrieved 2009-09-28.
External links
Client and Plugin
- edonkey2000.co.nr- Get eDonkey2000 here and how to install without problems. Alternative: www.edonkey2000.tk
Old client and plugin
- eDonkey2000 Archived News - November 9, 2000 Internet Archive snapshot of eDonkey2000.com home page showing original release announcement
- eDonkey2000 Overview - February 13, 2001 Internet Archive snapshot of eDonkey2000.com Overview page explaining network architecture
- eDonkey2000 - Overnet - August 27, 2006 Internet Archive snapshot of edonkey.com home page
Thu, 26 Aug 2010 21:50:34 GMT+00:00
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